Strengthening Computational Thinking Skills through Blended Learning, Digital Literacy and Learning Environment: The Role of Learning Motivation as a Mediating Variable
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v12i2.20044Keywords:
Computational Thinking, Blended Learning, Digital Literacy, Learning Environment, Learning MotivationAbstract
This study aims to examine the effects of blended learning, digital literacy, and the learning environment on students' computational thinking skills, with learning motivation as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was employed, employing Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS. The study involved 215 high school students selected through purposive sampling, specifically students with experience in digital and blended learning environments. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering indicators of blended learning, digital literacy, learning environment, learning motivation, and computational thinking skills. Data analysis included external model testing for validity and reliability using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and model testing using path coefficients, R-squared, and mediation analysis. The findings indicated that blended learning significantly influenced computational thinking skills (β = 0.059; p = 0.009) and learning motivation (β = 0.167; p = 0.001). The learning environment also showed a significant influence on computational thinking (β = 0.199; p = 0.008) and learning motivation (β = 0.471; p < 0.001). Learning motivation had the strongest direct influence on computational thinking (β = 0.509; p < 0.001). The SEM-PLS model showed adequate predictive power, with R-square values of 0.541 for computational thinking and 0.464 for learning motivation. Mediation analysis showed that learning motivation significantly mediated the relationship between blended learning and computational thinking (β = 0.085; p < 0.001), as well as the learning environment and computational thinking (β = 0.240; p < 0.001). However, the mediation effect between digital literacy and computational thinking was not significant (β = 0.023; p = 0.752), indicating that digital literacy directly influences computational thinking through students' cognitive and information processing abilities. This finding highlights the importance of integrating technology-based learning, a supportive learning environment, and motivational factors to strengthen computational thinking skills.
References
Ahmad Asrori, Mulyadin & Amirul Mukmin. (2025). Pengaruh Penerapan Blended Learning Berbasis Google Classroom Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Dan Motivasi Belajar Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal PenKoMi: Kajian Pendidikan & Ekonomi. https://doi.org/10.33627/pk.v8i1.2430
Alakrash, H. M., & Razak, N. A. (2021). Technology-based Language Learning: Investigation Of Digital Technology And Digital Literacy. Sustainability, 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112304
Andrian, R., & Hikmawan, R. (2021). The Importance of Computational Thinking to Train Structured Thinking in Problem Solving. Journal of Interconnection Networks, 6, 113-117. https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v6i1.677
Anistyasari Yeni, Ekohariadi & Munoto. (2020). Strategi Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemrograman Dan Berpikir Komputasi: Sebuah Studi Literatur. JVTE: Journal of Vocational and Technical Education-Volume 02, Nomor02, September 2020: 37-44. https://doi.org/10.26740/jvte.v2n2.p37-44
Anita Dewi Utami et al,. (2023). Model Blended Learning Berbantuan Vaksin Yang Mendukung Berpikir Komputasional Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Tren Pembelajaran Matematika. JPE (Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama) Vol. 10 No. 2 Juli 2023
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Cindy Hanna Tasya, Khresna Bayu Sangka & Dini Octoria. (2025). Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Dengan Literasi Digital Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE). https://doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v13n2.p153-165
Dea Wahyu Widyaningsih, Rossy Apriano Suci & Yulita Putri Sabilla. (2025). Implementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Blended Learning Pada Mata Kuliah Bahasa Indonesia Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Motivasi Belajar. Sindoro: Cendikia Pendidikan.
George-Reyes, C. E., Rocha Estrada, F. J., & Glasserman-Morales, L. D. (2021). Interweaving Digital Literacy With Computational Thinking. In Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21). ACM.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer International Publishing
Irgi Ahmad Pahriji. (2021). Pengaruh Lingkungan Belajar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Selama Pandemi. Jurnal Citra Pendidikan (JCP). https://doi.org/10.38048/jcp.v1i3.286
Kholid, M., Mukhibat, M., & Maimun, M. (2024). Pengaruh literasi digital, pemanfaatan media pembelajaran, dan lingkungan keluarga terhadap motivasi belajar siswa SMPN 01 Tanjungbumi Bangkalan Madura.El-Mujtama:Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 1–10
Kholid, M., Mukhibat, M., & Maimun, M. (2024). Pengaruh Literasi Digital, Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran, Dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa SMPN 01 Tanjungbumi Bangkalan Madura.El-Mujtama:Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 1–10
Lee, J., & Martin, L. (2017). Investigating Students’ Perceptions of Motivating Factors of Online Class Discussions. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 18(5), 148–172
Lin Ai, Teoh Sian Hoon, Qiumei Wang, and Syamsul Nor Azlan Mohamad. (2026). The relationship between digital literacy, perceived usefulness, and learning satisfaction among medical students in blended learning: the mediating role of learning engagement. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-08370-6
Listriyanti Palangda & Desy Suyono. (2025). The Impact of Family Environment and Learning Independence on Learning Outcomes Through Learning Motivation. Indonesian Journal of Education and Mathematical Science. https://doi.org/10.30596/ijems.v6i2.24227
Listriyanti Palangda. (2023). Pengaruh Penerapan Literasi Digital Dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Efektivitas Pembelajaran Siswa Kelas X Smk N 2 Tondano. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research. https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/5481
Muhammad Fajar Fadillahsyah & Hasanuddin. (2025). Pengaruh Lingkungan Belajar Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika. JURNAL TRIGONOMETRI. https://doi.org/10.30599/4zp6h476
Mustanil, Samsul Hady & Nurul Kawakip. (2021). Efektivitas Penggunaan Model Blended Lerning dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa MI Darul Hikmah Bone. Jurnal Bacisedu. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i6.1687
Oktarianto, M. L., Hidayat, A., Ghofur, A., & Dasna, I. W. (2023). The effect ofstation rotation learning model on critical thinking in elementary school-level students. KnE Social Sciences, 134-144. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i8.13292
Pariama, L. S. (2024). Integrating digital literacy in christian religious education: A study of student in politeknik negeri ambon. International Education Trend Issues, 2(2), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.56442/ieti.v2i2.719
Putri Nirmala, Iwan Suhardi & Andi Baso Kaswar. (2025). Enhancing Computational Thinking Skills through Digital Literacy and Blended Learning: The Mediating Role of Learning Motivation. Online Learning in Educational Research.
Putri Nirmala, Iwan Suhardi and Andi Baso Kaswar. (2025). Enhancing Computational Thinking Skills through Digital Literacy and Blended Learning: The Mediating Role of Learning Motivation. Online Learning in Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.58524/oler.v5i1.504
Robert Mulenga & Helvi Shilongo. (2025). Hybrid and Blended Learning Models: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions in Education. Acta Pedagogia Asiana 4(1), 2025, 1‒13. https://doi.org/10.53623/apga.v4i1.495
Sri Mulyati. (2023). Pengaruh Komptensi Literasi Digital Dan Self Regulated Learning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa. Jurnal Education and development Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan. https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v11i3.5052
Sunendar, A., Santika, S., Supratman, & Nurkamilah, M. (2020). The Analysis of Mathematics Students’ Computational Thinking Ability at Universitas Siliwangi. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477(4).
Tristiani, I. A. R., Martika, M., & Suryawan, I. N. (2023). Penerapan literasi digital dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran produk cake dan kue Indonesia.Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 212–22
Usli, U. (2023). Pengaruh literasi digital dan kemandirian belajar terhadap motivasi belajar mahasiswa pendidikan ekonomi stambuk 2020.Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan,9(14), 182–189
Xingyu Geng & Yu-Sheng Su. (2025). The Effects Of Different Metacognitive Patterns On Students' Self-Regulated Learning In Blended Learning. About the journal Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105211
Yula Miranda, Saritha Kittie Uda, Nuriman Wijaya & Bintang Sariyatno. (2025). Pengaruh Model Blended Learning pada Keterampilan Berpikir Analitik Mahasiswa. BiosciED: Journal of Biological Science and Education.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with JK agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
-
Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
