Hybrid Interactive Media Based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) with VR 360 Technology: An Innovation in Economics Learning for University Students

Authors

  • Noviana Mariatul Ulfa Universitas PGRI Argopuro Jember, Indonesia
  • Nurhafit Kurniawan Universitas PGRI Argopuro Jember, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i4.17655

Keywords:

Hybrid Interactive Media, Project-Based Learning, Virtual Reality 360, Economics Education, Higher Education

Abstract

This study aims to develop Hybrid Interactive Media based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with 360-degree Virtual Reality (VR) technology to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and 21st-century skills. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, encompassing needs analysis, prototype design, media development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, lecturer and student response questionnaires, and learning outcome tests, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests. Expert assessments indicated that the media was highly valid (M = 4.42), while practicality was supported by lecturers’ responses (M = 4.36, highly practical) and students’ responses (M = 4.29, practical). Effectiveness testing using a one-group pre-test–post-test design showed significant improvement in learning outcomes, with mean scores increasing from 63.1 to 82.5 (t(29) = 10.12, p < 0.001). Students’ critical thinking skills also improved from 2.8 to 4.0 (scale 1–5). These findings indicate that integrating VR 360 with PjBL effectively enhances conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and learning motivation in economics education. This study contributes to the literature by extending the application of VR technology beyond STEM fields into economics education and offers practical insights for innovative learning in higher education.

References

Aruanno, B., Tamburrino, F., Neri, P., & Barone, S. (2025). Virtual reality laboratory for engineering and material science immersive learning. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.70041

Azis, I., & Cantafio, G. (2023). The role of virtual reality in science and technology education. JTEST, 1(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.51629/jtest.v1i1.170

Begum, S. (2024). Virtual reality in education: transforming learning environments. EATP, 30(5), 8967–8973. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.4491

Bhatia, D., & Hesse, H. (2023). Enhancing Student Engagement in Engineering and Education Through Virtual Reality: A Survey-Based Analysis. IEEE Region 10 Annual International Conference, Proceedings/TENCON, 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON58879.2023.10322377

Cabural, A. (2024). Enhancing conceptual understanding of electricity and magnetism through vr simulations. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i10-50

Chankseliani, M., & McCowan, T. (2020). Higher education and the sustainable development goals. Higher Education, 81(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00652-w

Deng, X. (2024). The crucial link between education and economic growth. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 57(1), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/57/20240123

Duncan, K. J., Frazier, C., & Diener, S. (2022). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality for non-STEM disciplines. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(5), 1129–1154. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211067858

Huang, C.-L., Luo, Y.-F., Yang, S.-C., Lu, C.-M., & Chen, A.-S. (2020). Influence of students’ learning style, sense of presence, and cognitive load on learning outcomes in an immersive virtual reality learning environment. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(3), 596–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633119867422

Huang, H. (2024). Study on the development of higher education in china based on economic growth and technological advancement. Journal of Education Humanities and Social Sciences, 39, 476–480. https://doi.org/10.54097/4sqj3232

Jailani, M., & Qudsiyah, U. (2020). Integrasi problem based learning dengan model cooperative script untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar ekonomi pada siswa di sma muhammadiyah 1 palangkaraya. Soedirman Economics Education Journal, 2(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.32424/seej.v2i1.2255

Kononets, N., Baliuk, V., Zhamardiy, V., PETRENKO, L., Pomaz, Y., Kravtsova, N., & Школа, О. (2021). Didactic model of information and communication competence formation of future specialists of economic profile. JETT, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.47750/jett.2021.12.04.023

Lopez-Ozieblo, R., Wong, W. C. G., & Shen, J. D. (2025). Enhancing VR Education: A TAM-Based Study on Predicting Student Engagement and Intent to Use Virtual Reality. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, Part F312, 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4952-5_1

Mokmin, N. A. M., & Apandi, N. E. F. Z. (2025). Assessing the influence of immersive virtual reality on microbiology education: contrasting low and high immersion levels with signalling principle. Interactive Learning Environments, 33(4), 3016–3036. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2434840

Mustikasari, N., Lina, R., & Devina, C. (2024). Implementation of virtual reality in learning practice of anatomy and physiology of the human body in the department physiotherapy poltekkes kemenkes jakarta iii. JFKI, 4(01), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.59946/jfki.2024.285

Oumaima, E., Abdelhak, C., & Youssef, S. (2023). Exploring social learning through virtual reality: How technology can enhance collaboration and learner engagement. Colloquium in Information Science and Technology (CIST). https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85185400805

Purnasari, P., & Sadewo, Y. (2020). Pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pembelajaran sebagai upaya peningkatan kompetesnsi pedagogik. Publikasi Pendidikan, 10(3), 189. https://doi.org/10.26858/publikan.v10i3.15275

Radianti, J., Majchrzak, T. A., Fromm, J., & Wohlgenannt, I. (2020). A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Computers & Education, 147, 103778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103778

Rafiq, A. A., Triyono, M. B., & Djatmiko, I. W. (2022). Enhancing student engagement in vocational education by using virtual reality. Waikato Journal of Education, 27(3), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v27i3.964

Ramadhan, T., Jurizat, A., Rahmanullah, F., Minggra, R., & Kusuma, Y. (2024). Empowering Architectural STEM Education: Unveiling Student Experiences Through Virtual Reality (VR) in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Course. 9th International STEM Education Conference, ISTEM-Ed 2024 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/iSTEM-Ed62750.2024.10663154

Robi’in, B., Erviana, V., & Sulisworo, D. (2022). Outreach program, virtual reality, dan berpikir hipotetikal deduktif. Bincang Sains Dan Teknologi, 1(01), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.56741/bst.v1i01.46

Saidakhror, G. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on higher education and the economics of information technology. Irshad J. Law and Policy, 2(3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.59022/ijlp.125

Saurik, H., Purwanto, D., & Hadikusuma, J. (2019). Teknologi virtual reality untuk media informasi kampus. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Ilmu Komputer, 6(1), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2019611238

Shah, T., & Riener, A. (2025). The Potential of Virtual Reality for Immersive HCI Education: Insights from an Empirical Study. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2271, 375–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80475-5_27

Tene, T., Tixi, J., Robalino, M., Salazar, M., Gómez, C., & Bellucci, S. (2024). Integrating immersive technologies with stem education: a systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1410163

Tito Cruz, J., Coluci, V. R., & Moraes, R. (2023). ORUN-VR2: a VR serious game on the projectile kinematics: design, evaluation, and learning outcomes. Virtual Reality, 27(3), 2583–2604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-023-00824-w

Wahyuni, S., Suarman, S., & Kartikowati, R. (2023). Development of android-based learning media for economics learning. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(2), 1181–1193. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i2.2816

Zhou, X., Hu, X., Mei, D., Peng, L., & Zhao, X. (2023). Go for economic transformation and development in china: financial development, higher education, and green technology evolution. Evaluation Review, 48(1), 32–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841x231166741

Downloads

Published

2025-12-08

How to Cite

Ulfa, N. M., & Kurniawan, N. (2025). Hybrid Interactive Media Based on Project-Based Learning (PjBL) with VR 360 Technology: An Innovation in Economics Learning for University Students . Jurnal Kependidikan : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran, Dan Pembelajaran, 11(4), 1434–1443. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v11i4.17655

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): December

Section

Articles

Citation Check

License

Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities tacitly or explicitly of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.

Copyright
Authors who publish with JK agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Licensing for Data Publication

JK use a variety of waivers and licenses, that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:
Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.