Ningtyas, N.S.I. et al. 2026. Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Bacteria in Cattle: Challenges to Food Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia. Mandalika Veterinary Journal. 6, 1 (Apr. 2026), 23–32. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33394/mvj.v6i1.18753.