The Doctoral Journey of a Yemeni Student in Indonesia: A Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of Pursuing English Language Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v13i4.17020Keywords:
Cross-cultural education, Doctoral experience, International students, Narrative inquiry, Teaching EnglishAbstract
The internationalization of higher education has generated unique opportunities for cross-cultural doctoral experiences; however, notable gaps exist in understanding the experiences of Middle Eastern students within Southeast Asian academic environments. Yemeni students pursuing advanced degrees in Indonesia, particularly in English Language Teaching programs, have been largely overlooked in international education research despite the increasing trends in educational migration. This research examines the experiences of Yemeni doctoral student enrolled in English Language Teaching programs in Indonesia, employing a narrative inquiry methodology. A qualitative narrative inquiry method was employed, using semi-structured interviews conducted with a 33-year-old Yemeni doctoral student enrolled at Universitas Negeri Malang. The analysis of data utilized the Labov framework, focusing on the components of abstract, background, key events, outcome, reflection, and closing statement. Findings indicated strategic patterns of academic mobility, wherein students utilized prior educational experiences to facilitate systematic academic advancement. Cultural identity has emerged as a catalyst for academic excellence, challenging deficit-oriented perspectives in the literature on international education. Students encountered various challenges across linguistic, temporal, and cultural domains, necessitating ongoing adaptation strategies. The study concludes that Indonesia is an effective destination for Middle Eastern doctoral candidates when comprehensive institutional support systems are in place. These findings mandate immediate policy interventions requiring universities to implement culturally responsive supervision frameworks, establish specialized support infrastructures, and develop assessment protocols measuring institutional effectiveness in fostering international doctoral success across diverse demographic populations.
References
Abdelghaffar, A., & Eid, L. (2025). A critical look at equity in international doctoral education at a distance: A duo’s journey. British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(2), 834–851. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13566
Acai, A., Mahetaji, K., Reid, S. E., & Sonnadara, R. R. (2020). The role of gender in the decision to pursue a surgical career: A qualitative, interview-based study. Canadian Medical Education Journal, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.69292
Al-Baadani, A. A., & Abbas, M. (2020). The Impact Of Coronavirus (Covid19) Pandemic On Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) In Yemen: Challenges And Recommendations For The Future. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(7), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejes.v7i7.3152
Alhussain, T. (2020). Students’ Perceptions of Social Networks Platforms use in Higher Education: A Qualitative Research. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 9(3), 2589–2603. https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/16932020
Aspan, M. I., Nur, S., & Syukur, H. (2025). Culture Shock Experienced by Foreign Students in Makassar. Journal of Culture, 4(1), 61.
Aubrey, S., & Tsang, A. (2023). Capitalizing on international students to promote cross-cultural learning in an English language education program. Journal of Education for Teaching, 49(2), 341–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2022.2150539
Banerjee, M. (2020). An Exploratory Study Of Online Equity: Differential Levels Of Technological Access And Technological Efficacy Among Underserved And Underrepresented Student Populations In Higher Education. 16, 1–25.
Bao, Y. (2024). An Integration Of Labov’s Narrative Analysis Model To Continuation Writing Instructional Design. The EUrASEANs: Journal on Global Socio-Economic Dynamics, 4(47), 336–348. https://www.euraseans.com/4
Bayani, F., Rokhmat, J., Hakim, A., & Sukarso, A. (2025). Research Trends in Analytical Thinking Skills for Science Education: Insights, Pedagogical Approaches, and Future Directions. International Journal of Ethnoscience and Technology in Education, 2(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.33394/ijete.v2i1.14142
Bearman, M. (2019). Focus on Methodology: Eliciting rich data: A practical approach to writing semi-structured interview schedules. Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-Professional Journal, 20(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.11157/fohpe.v20i3.387
Bush, A. A., Amechi, M., & Persky, A. (2020). An exploration of pharmacy education researchers’ perceptions and experiences conducting qualitative research. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(3), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7129
Cauchi, N., & Falzon, R. (2023). Enhancing wellbeing in beauty salons and spas through the integration of mindfulness and aromatherapy in beauty vocational education: a qualitative narrative inquiry. International Journal of Spa and Wellness, 6(3), 343–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2023.2266660
Chaiyasat, C. (2024). Experiencing semester abroad programs in a Thai higher educational institution: sociocultural adaptation and cultural challenges of German exchange students. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 48(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2023.2299985
Colla, R. H., & Kurtz, C. F. (2024). Storying Research: Exploring the Benefits of Participatory Narrative Inquiry as a Methodology for Wellbeing Research. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 9(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-024-00147-4
Creely, E., & Laletas, S. (2020). Transitions, transformations and finding success. A phenomenological analysis of the experiences of a doctoral student in early candidature. Higher Education Research and Development, 39(3), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1680957
Dai, K., & Hardy, I. (2023). Pursuing doctoral research in an emerging knowledge hub: an exploration of international students’ experiences in China. Studies in Higher Education, 48(6), 784–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2166917
Dai, K., Hardy, I., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Caught ‘in-between’: insights into international students’ doctoral thesis writing practices in China. Higher Education Research and Development, 44(2), 354–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2401017
Davies, C., Waters, D., & Fraser, J. (2025). Towards Independence: The Development of Children’s Capability to Have a Voice in Their Healthcare. Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 26(2), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2025.2454578
Gad, R. F. (2023). When Language Rewrites History: A Narrative Discourse Analysis of Rory McCarthy’s Nobody Told Us We Are Defeated: Stories from the New Iraq. CDELT Occasional Papers in the Development of English Education, 82(1), 291–336. https://doi.org/10.21608/opde.2023.313630
Hidayat, N., Setiawan, S., & Anam, S. (2024). Publishing a research paper in reputable journals: doctoral students’ perspectives. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education , 13(2), 1227–1234. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.25701
Hodgson, S., Noack, K., Griffiths, A., & Hodgins, M. (2024). Between equilibrium and chaos, with little restitution: a narrative analysis of qualitative interviews with clinicians and parent carers of children with medical complexity. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10973-6
Hollowood, L., Taylor, J., & Allen, K. (2025). The Experiences of People From Ethnic Minority Backgrounds Living in Care Homes—A Qualitative Systematic Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.17060
Jackson, J., Maben, J., & Anderson, J. E. (2022). What are nurses’ roles in modern healthcare? A qualitative interview study using interpretive description. Journal of Research in Nursing, 27(6), 504–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871211070981
Jayadinata, A., Hakam, K., Muhtar, T., Supriyadi, T., & Julia, J. (2022). ‘Publish or Perish’: a Transformation of Professional Value in Creating Literate Academics in the 21st Century. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 21, 138–159. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.21.6.9
Johnson, M. C., & Thacker Darrow, N. E. (2023). Using Intersectionality to Explore Narrative Researcher Identity Development in Narrative Inquiry Research. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 36(4), 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2023.2170503
Jundi, S. (2025). The Impact of Weak Land Policies on the Escalation of Communal Conflicts in South Sudan. International Journal of Leadership and Governance, 5(2), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.47604/ijlg.3351
Kalaivani, D. (2021). Academic Resilience among Students: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Research and Review, 8(6), 360–369. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210646
Karpa, J. V. (2021). Narrative Inquiry Methodology and Family Research: An Innovative Approach to Understanding Acquired Brain Injuries. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211021725
Kartal, G. (2024). The influence of ChatGPT on thinking skills and creativity of EFL student teachers: a narrative inquiry. Journal of Education for Teaching, 50(4), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2024.2326502
Kazemian, M., Khodareza, M. R., Khonamri, F., & Rahimy, R. (2021). Instruction on intercultural communicative competence and its application by iranian efl male and female writers. Education and Self Development, 16(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.26907/esd16.1.04
Khawaji, A. (2023). Challenges Faced by International Students in Pursuing Doctoral Study: A Case Study of Saudi Students in American Higher Education Programs. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 48(4), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2023/v48i41085
Kokotsaki, D. (2023). What Does It Mean To Be a Resilient Student? an Explorative Study of Doctoral Students’ Resilience and Coping Strategies Using Grounded Theory As the Analytic Lens. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 18, 173–198. https://doi.org/10.28945/5137
Labov, W. (1997). expanded on methods in narrative analysis to deepen understanding of life stories. Journal of Narrative and Life History. https://doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.7.49som
Lamba, N., Van Tonder, A., & Raghavan, A. (2022). Unpacking Qualitative Methodology to Explore Experiences of Mothers with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the UAE: A Thematic Analysis Inquiry. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221110295
Larsen, D. E., & Bruce, T. (2025). Uphill And into The Wind: How Adults Who Repeated a Grade In K-12 Perceive the Impact of Retention. International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science, 06(06), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v6n6a1
Li, J., & Xue, E. (2022). The Quest for Sustainable Graduate Education Development: Narrative Inquiry of Early Doctoral Students in China’s World-Class Disciplines. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811564
Li, L., Mawene, D., & Chandrashekhar, S. (2024). Navigating becoming people of color in higher education: a duoethnography of three international students of color. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 37, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2024.2388665
Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Dai, K. (2025). Mapping the terrain of global research trajectory of international doctoral students: a bibliometric review. Higher Education Research and Development, 44(2), 480–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2396356
Madiha Saeed, & Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz. (2025). an Analysis of Perceptions of English Language Teachers About the Efficacy of Formative Assessment Practices in Universities of Central Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of English Language, Literature and Education, 7(1), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.54692/jelle.2025.0701259
Mahmud, A. (2025). Exploring the experiences of Muslim doctoral students in UK higher education: challenges, implications, and pathways to inclusivity. Studies in Higher Education, 50(4), 848–863. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2357718
Mäkelä, P. (2020). Emotion and Narrative: Perspectives in Autobiographical Storytelling. Emotions and Society, 2, 109–111. https://doi.org/10.1332/263168920X15813347164550
Men, Q., Li, W., Khan, A., & Gillies, R. M. (2024). Challenges and strategies for navigating Australian healthcare access: experience from Chinese international students. International Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02273-6
Mulyadi, E., Permatasari, D., Soares, D., Syarifudin, M., Da Silva Pinto, T., & Sarmento, J. (2024). Culture Shock: Challenges of International Students. International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology, 3(1), 248–253. https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhet.v3i1.208
Ogden, A. C., Ho, H. Z., Lam, Y. W., Bell, A. D., Bhatt, R., Hodges, L., Shiflet, C., & Rubin, D. (2024). The Impact of Education Abroad Participation on College Student Success Among First-Generation Students. Journal of Higher Education, 95(3), 285–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2023.2182569
Parkison, Paul, & Tanase, Madalina. (2025). Subversion of the Dominant Narratives of Education: Opening a Space for Epistemic Innovation and Inquiry. Higher Education for the Future, 12(2), 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/23476311251338325
Patel, L. (2015). Decolonizing Educational Research: From Ownership to Answerability. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315658551
Pelser, A. M. (2023). Synergistic advancements: fostering collaborative excellence in doctoral education. Frontiers in Education, 8(January), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1289424
Pomat, N. (2025). Updating the Landscape: A Systematic Review of Emerging Trends in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Research. Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 47(1), 255–280. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2025.47.14
Prachanant, N., & Pongpuehee, S. (2025). Move analysis the structure of narrative essays by Thai undergraduate students: A genre-based approach. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(6), 912–924. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i6.7975
Rohman, A., Meraj, G., Isna, A., Taruna, M. M., Rachmadhani, A., Atmanto, N. E., & Nasikhin. (2024). Challenges in Islamic Education Curriculum Development: A Comparative Study of Indonesia, Pakistan, and India. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 23(6), 504–523. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.6.23
Sewandono, R. E., Thoyib, A., Hadiwidjojo, D., & Rofiq, A. (2023). Performance expectancy of E-learning on higher institutions of education under uncertain conditions: Indonesia context. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4041–4068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11074-9
Shihatud D.A. Nabilah, & Nasikhin Nasikhin. (2024). Academic Collaboration Challenge Students from Yemeni, Nigeria, and Cambodia at Islamic University in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Indonesia, 8(2), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.35316/jpii.v8i2.566
Suciu, M. S.-. (2023). A Narrative Analysis on Vlogs. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 03(12), 2453–2458. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/v03i12y2023-21
Tahir, M., & Wijaya, I. S. (2024). Effectiveness of Interreligious Literacy in Preventing Radical Views in Higher Education: Narrative Inquiry Research. International Journal of Instruction, 17(1), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2024.1719a
Taquette, S. R., & Borges da Matta Souza, L. M. (2022). Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research: A Critical Literature Review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069221078731
Teng, (Mark) Feng. (2020). A narrative inquiry of identity construction in academic communities of practice: voices from a Chinese doctoral student in Hong Kong. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 15(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2019.1673164
Wahyuningsih, S., Widiati, U., & Basthomi, Y. (2025). The Role of Advanced Academic Literacy Development in Enhancing Academic Writing and Publishing: A Narrative Inquiry of Indonesian Doctoral Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 15(1), 725–743. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v15i1.pp725-743
Wang, P. (2023). Research on the Academic Growth Status and Infulencing Factors of International Doctoral Students: Empirical analysis based on the 2019 nature global doctoral survey. Proceedings of the 2023 6th International Conference on Big Data and Education, 112–117.
Wenhan, H., Qing, W., Jia, W., & Caizhi, L. (2024). A review of research on intercultural communication among international students in China. Transactions on Comparative Education, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.23977/trance.2024.060408
Wijaya, T. T., Yu, B., Xu, F., Yuan, Z., & Mailizar, M. (2023). Analysis of Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Mathematics Education Doctoral Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054518
Yardley, S., Kinston, R., Lefroy, J., Gay, S., & McKinley, R. K. (2020). ‘What do we do, doctor?’ Transitions of identity and responsibility: a narrative analysis. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 25(4), 825–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-020-09959-w
Ye, L., & Edwards, V. (2017). A narrative inquiry into the identity formation of Chinese doctoral students in relation to study abroad. Race Ethnicity and Education, 20(6), 865–876. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2017.1294570
Ying, Z., Yali, L., & Yuanyuan, X. (2023). Innovation and Practice of English Language Teaching for Doctoral Candidates in Institutions of Higher Education. Curriculum and Teaching Methodology, 6(23), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.23977/curtm.2023.062303
Zhao, L. (2021). “My Minimalist Journey:” Narrative Analysis Of Youtube Minimalist Stories.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 R Muhammad Satria Gyas Mustagis

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
License and Publishing Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and publishing agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with JOLLT Journal of Languages and Language Teaching agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
-
Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/ (default)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.














