Initials Abbreviation Online First Frequency DOI E-ISSN P-ISSN Editor in Chief Associate Editor Email Published by Citation Analysis Editorial Address BJIB Bioscientist j. ilm. bosbiol. June 2013 4 Issues per Year (March, June, September, December) Prefix 10.33394 by 2654-4571 2338-5006 Ika Nurani Dewi Agus Muliadi |Â Taufik Samsuri bioscientist@undikma.ac.id Mandalika University of Education Dimensions | Google Scholar Pemuda Street No. 59A, Catur Building Floor I, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, managed and published by the Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.
Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.
Distribusi Horizontal Burung di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Bagek Kembar, Lombok Barat
This study aims to determine the horizontal distribution of birds based on habitat type, namely fish ponds, rehabilitated mangroves, and natural mangroves, located in the Bagek Kembar Mangrove Area. Observations were conducted in June-July at the Bagek Kembar Mangrove Area, Sekotong. This research uses a transect method, following the paths found at three observation locations. Bird observations were conducted twice, in the morning (06:30-09:30 WITA) and evening (15:30-18:30 WITA). The results recorded 57 species, with the dominant habitat for finding bird species being the natural mangrove area, which has a fairly dense and diverse vegetation structure. The horizontal distribution of birds in the Bagek Kembar Mangrove Area is illustrated using CANOCO for Windows 4.5 with a PCA (Principal Component Analysis) diagram. This study concludes that bird diversity is higher in natural mangrove habitats compared to fishpond and rehabilitated mangrove habitats, making this area important for supporting conservation and the development of birdwatching ecotourism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Aprilia Nur Larasati, Gito Hadiprayitno, Prapti Sedijani, I Wayan Suana, Eni Suyantri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identifikasi Tahap Perkembangan Mikrospora melalui Ukuran Floret pada Jantung Pisang Tanduk
This study aimed to identify the relationship between floret length and the developmental stages of microspores in banana male inflorescence (Musa spp. cv. Tanduk), and to determine the optimal floret size range as an explant source for initiating microspore culture. Ten bract layers were analyzed, with five florets randomly selected from each layer and measured for their length. Anthers were extracted from each floret, crushed in sterile water, and observed microscopically using a wet mount preparation. The results revealed a strong correlation between floret length and microspore developmental stages. Microspores at the late uninucleate (vacuolated) to early bicellular stages were consistently found in florets ranging from 4.68 to 4.34 cm in length. Based on these findings, florets within the 4.60 to 4.00 cm range are recommended as the optimal size for microspore culture initiation, as they contain a higher proportion of developmentally competent microspores for embryogenesis induction. In conclusion, this study provides essential morphological and cytological criteria to support efficient explant selection for in vitro regeneration of banana through the microspore culture approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Devi Bunga Pagalla, Jusna Ahmad, Indriati Husain, Nazwa S. Lamante, Rika Eyato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pemanfaatan Air Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Nata De Cane
This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) on the quality of Nata de Cane. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with five lime juice concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and a constant Acetobacter xylinum starter concentration of 30%. The observed parameters included fiber content, moisture content, sugar content, vitamin C, yeast and mold counts, and organoleptic properties. The results showed that the addition of lime juice had no significant effect on fiber, moisture, and sugar content. However, there was a significant increase in vitamin C levels, from 0.45 mg/100 g in the control to 4.80 mg/100 g in the 4% treatment. The organoleptic test indicated that the 4% lime juice treatment achieved the highest scores for color, aroma, taste, and texture. These findings demonstrate that the addition of lime juice can increase vitamin C content and improve the sensory quality of Nata de Cane. Therefore, lime juice addition is effective as a natural pH regulator and nutritional enhancer in fermented food production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Marthalia, Nurhaida Widiani, Ika Listiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Asam Salisilat Eksogen Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Biomassa Tiga Kultivar Seledri (Apium graveolens L.)
This research aims to determine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application at concentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm on plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of three different celery cultivars, namely ‘Amigo’, ‘Aroma’, and ‘Summer green’. This study utilized a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the difference in celery cultivars, which consisted of three cultivars: ‘Amigo’, ‘Aroma’, and ‘Summer Green’. The second factor was the difference in salicylic acid concentration, which consisted of five levels: 0 ppm (control), 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm, and 100 ppm. There were three replicates for each treatment. Plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight were the parameters measured. A two-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results of Duncan's Multiple Range Test at the 5% level showed that the results of the analysis were significant at less than 0.05. The results of the study showed that treatment with exogenous SA significantly affected the three celery cultivars. In general, the application of AS at lower concentrations (25 and 50 ppm) tended to increase growth parameters and biomass compared to the control. The 50 ppm AS treatment provided optimal results, especially in the ‘Summer green’ cultivar, which showed an increase in plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight. Higher concentrations (75 and 100 ppm) showed negative effects, inhibiting growth and biomass, indicating toxicity. It can be concluded that the application of exogenous salicylic acid can be an effective strategy to increase celery productivity, provided that the his concentration is optimal. Differences in response between cultivars indicate the importance of determining the appropriate concentration for each plant type.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alviana Rochmania, Suratman, Solichatun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Dampak Penggunaan Situs Web ChatGPT dalam Proses Pembelajaran Biologi Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Torue
This study aims to describe the impact of using the ChatGPT website in the learning process of Biology students at SMA Negeri 1 Torue. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were students from SMA Negeri 1 Torue XI and XII, with the number of subjects taken as 10% of the total student population, with 32 students in grade XI and 30 students in grade XII. Data collection techniques involved using a questionnaire filled out by the students, with evaluations using a Likert scale. Observations at SMAN 1 Torue revealed that students have extensively used ChatGPT in the learning process during discussions, and the use of ChatGPT in the biology learning process has both positive and negative impacts. The results of this study indicate the impact of ChatGPT use on the cognitive aspect with an average total percentage of 59%, on the affective aspect with an average total percentage of 69%, and on the psychomotor aspect with an average total percentage of 41%. It can be concluded that there is an impact of using the ChatGPT website in the learning process of Biology students at SMA Negeri 1 Torue.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Ketut Didiana, Bustamin, Gamar Binti Non Shamdas, Musdalifah Nurdin, Mohhamad Sabran, Lilies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Persepsi Remaja Tentang Pendidikan Seksual Pranikah di SMAN 1 Kasimbar
This study aims to describe adolescents' perceptions of premarital sex education at SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar. This research uses a descriptive quantitative research method. The population in this study consisted of 416 students. The sample in this study consisted of 104 students, selected using stratified random sampling from grades X, XI, and XII at SMA Negeri 1 Kasimbar. The research instruments used were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The instrument test results were declared valid and reliable. The research results indicate that adolescents' perceptions of premarital sexual education are, overall, in the very good category, with 89 students (85.6%) falling into the very good category, 14 students (13.5%) in the good category, and only 1 student (1.0%) in the sufficient category. The overall average score reached 3.53 on a four-point Likert scale. The aspect of parental role received the highest score with an average of 3.61, followed by attitudes at 3.58, information media at 3.55, school involvement at 3.48, and knowledge at 3.45. Thus, it can be concluded that adolescents are beginning to have a high awareness of the importance of correct and responsible understanding of sexuality. Therefore, sexual education needs to be integrated into Biology lessons at school to strengthen adolescents' knowledge and positive attitudes towards reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cici Magfira Aj. Masauda, Bustamin, Rafiqah, Abd Rauf, Mursito S. Bialangi, Moh. Sabran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Diversity and Morphological Characterization of Fungi in the Mangrove Forest of Belawan, North Sumatra
This study aimed to isolate and morphologically characterize fungi from the mangrove area of Belawan, North Sumatra, to better understand their diversity and potential roles within the ecosystem. Mangrove forests are vital coastal ecosystems that support diverse microbial communities, including fungi, which play essential roles in nutrient cycling and ecosystem stability. This study aimed to isolate and characterize fungal diversity from the Belawan mangrove area, North Sumatra. Sampling was conducted on water and soil, followed by fungal isolation on Potato Dextrose Agar containing 1% NaCl. A total of 15 fungal isolates were obtained—nine from water and six from soil samples. Morphological characterization revealed considerable diversity in colony shape (circular, irregular, filamentous), texture (granular, cottony, velvety), margin (undulate, filiform, entire), and color (green, white, pink, grayish white, black, dark brown). Microscopic examination showed various conidial morphologies, including round conidia that burst open like fans, crescent-shaped conidia, needle-shaped conidia with branched conidiophores, and conidia arranged in chains on phialides. The dominant genus identified was Aspergillus, exhibiting typical macroscopic and microscopic traits. Physical-chemical parameters of the sampling sites indicated stable environmental conditions suitable for mangrove fungi. This study highlights the rich fungal diversity in the Belawan mangrove ecosystem and underscores the ecological importance of fungi in maintaining mangrove health. The results provide a foundation for further molecular identification and exploration of the biotechnological potential of mangrove-associated fungi.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Hasanah, Erman Munir, Kiki Nurtjahja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Isolation and Morphological Characterization of Fungal Isolates from Leachate of Namo Bintang Landfill, North Sumatra
This study aims to isolate and characterize the morphological characteristics of fungal colonies obtained from leachate water at a landfill site. To obtain fungi from leachate water, the following steps were taken: Fungi were isolated using the pour plate method with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium; morphological characterization of fungi was performed macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopically, by observing the shape, edges, texture, and color of the fungal colonies, and microscopically, by observing the shape of the hyphae and the presence of asexual spores. The results showed that seventeen fungal isolates were successfully isolated from the leachate of the Namo Bintang landfill with different morphologies. The macroscopic characteristics of the fungal colonies showed that 15 fungal isolates had round colonies, and the other two isolates (NKD 07 and NKT 14) had irregular colonies. The edges of the fungal colonies varied, ranging from flat, wavy, to serrated. The color of the fungal colonies was predominantly gray and green. The texture of the fungal colonies varied from powdery, hairy, smooth, to cotton-like. Microscopic characteristics of the fungi show that most fungal isolates have septate hyphae and varied conidia shapes, such as round, oval, crescent, and tubular. These findings indicate that the leachate from the Namo Bintang landfill contains diverse fungi with different colony morphological characteristics, making it possible to develop them as biological agents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niken Simanjuntak, Erman Munir, Yurnaliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Buah Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Trigliserida pada Tikus Putih (Sprague dawley) Model Obesitas
This study aims to determine the effect of rambutan peel extract on triglyceride levels in Sprague Dawley obese rats. This study uses experimental laboratory research with a randomized posttest control group design. The population used in this study consisted of healthy male Sprague Dawley white rats aged 6–8 weeks, with an initial body weight of 160–200 grams and no physical abnormalities. Twenty-five Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five treatment groups, namely the control group (K-), the obesity group (K+), the Ellagic acid-induced group (T1), the RPE 15 mg/kgBW dose group (T2), and the RPE 30 mg/kgBW dose group for 30 days. Triglyceride levels were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test. The results showed that rambutan peel extract had a significant effect on triglyceride levels. The 15 mg/kgBW dose group showed a more effective reduction compared to other doses. It can be concluded that rambutan peel extract has the potential to reduce triglyceride levels in obese rats.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diela Gista Arvanda, Lisdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran STAD terhadap Keterampilan Argumentasi, Aktivitas, dan Respon Siswa pada Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati Terintegrasi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model in improving students’ argumentation skills, learning activities, and responses on biodiversity topics integrated with Islamic values. This research employed a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design, involving an experimental class applying STAD and a control class using conventional instruction. The instruments used included an argumentation skills test, learning implementation observation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The results indicate that learning implementation in the experimental class reached an average of 88% for teachers and 89% for students, while the control class achieved 82% and 80%, respectively, both categorized as good. Improvement in argumentation skills in the experimental class is shown by an increase in the average score from 62.56 to 82.08 with an N-Gain of 0.51 (moderate), whereas the control class increased from 58.77 to 71.48 with an N-Gain of 0.26 (low). The posttest hypothesis test revealed a significant difference with a Sig. value of 0.002, supported by an effect size of 0.87, classified as large. Student responses toward STAD reached an average of 68.31% (fair), higher than the control class at 65.78%Thus, the implementation of STAD integrated with Islamic values is proven effective in enhancing students’ argumentation skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zia Safinatun Naza, Asrianty Mas'ud, Meti Maspupah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Qualitative Screening and Activity Assay of L-asparaginase-Producing Fungi from Tempeh
This study aims to isolate and determine the types of fungi in tempeh that are capable of producing the enzyme L-asparaginase and how the enzyme activity is produced. The following steps were taken: Fungi were isolated using the pour plate method with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium; morphological characterization of fungi was performed macroscopically and microscopically.The ability to produce asparaginase was assessed qualitatively using modified liquid M9 medium and quantitative assay of L-asparaginase activity with the Nessler reagent. Potential fungi were identified based on identification books. The results of fungal isolation from tempeh yielded of 7 fungal isolates. Qualitative selection of fungal isolates from tempeh capable of producing L-asparaginase resulted in 4 fungi capable of producing the L-asparaginase enzyme, indicated by a pink color change in the medium. Quantitative assay was performed using an enzyme activity test .The results of quantitative selection showed that the highest activity of L-asparaginase enzyme was found in fungal isolate with the code TP 3, reaching 16,386 U/mL, which has been identified macroscopically and microscopically and is classified as belonging to the genus Aspergillus. These findings indicate that fungi from tempeh have the potential to produce the enzyme L-asparaginase.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niva Tahyat, Yurnaliza, Liana Dwihastuty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Salmonella Asal Tempe Dage Berdasarkan Gen 16S rRNA
This study aimed to isolate Salmonella from tempe dage, particularly products sold in traditional markets in the Banyumas region, Central Java, and to identify the isolates through molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolation of Salmonella from dage samples was conducted using culture-based methods on several types of selective media specific for Salmonella. Identification was performed through biochemical characterization using the API 20E system and molecular analysis based on PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. The resulting 16S rRNA sequences were subsequently analyzed using the BLAST tool available on the NCBI platform, and phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed with MEGA X. The study successfully obtained one bacterial isolate (TD.1), exhibiting transparent colonies with black centers on SSA medium. Biochemical tests including catalase activity, sugar fermentation, H₂S production, and citrate utilization showed positive results. Further identification using the API 20E system confirmed that isolate TD.1 belonged to the genus Salmonella. Molecular analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified isolate TD.1 as Salmonella enterica. In conclusion, isolate TD.1, recovered from tempe dage was identified as Salmonella enterica. The presence of Salmonella enterica in dage highlights a potential health risk and underscores the need for improved food hygiene in traditional markets.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mazidah Noer Inayah, Suci Indah Budiarti, Rahayu Wulan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacteria from Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb As Antibacterial Candidates Againts Pneumonia
This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from black turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) and test their potential as antibacterial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae. This experimental research began with the isolation of endophytic bacteria from surface-sterilized black turmeric rhizomes. The obtained pure isolates were characterized macroscopically (colony shape, margin, elevation, pigment) and microscopically (cell shape, Gram staining). The growth curve of potential isolates was determined, and antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method against S. pneumoniae, with ciprofloxacin as a positive control. Six endophytic bacterial isolates (PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4, PS5, PS6) were successfully isolated, showing variations in colony morphology, and all were classified as Gram-negative bacilli. All isolates exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Streptococus pneumoniae, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 15.3 mm to 20.6 mm. Black turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb) harbor diverse endophytic bacteria with significant potential as antibacterial agents against the pneumonia pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arti Wahyu Utami, Firman Rezaldi, Rifkarosita Putri Ginaris, Jihan Nabilla, Bramantyo, Puput Setiawati, Zulfania Shandra Fatikha, Nanik Pujiastuti, Dwi Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etil Asetat Buah Biwa (Eriobotrya japonica (Tunb.) Lindl) Terhadap Profil Mikrobiota Usus Tikus Yang Diinduksi Escherichia coli
This study investigated the therapeutic potential of ethyl acetate extract derived from Biwa fruit on the gut microbiota profile of E. coli-infected mice. This study used 30 BALB-C mice divided into five groups: positive control (Ciprofloxacin and Lomperamide 130 mg/kgBW), negative control (CMC-Na), and three Biwa extract treatment groups at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kgBW. The findings demonstrated that Biwa extract at 200 mg/kgBW exhibited significant efficacy from day one, resulting in complete suppression of E. coli growth in mice. However, the cohort receiving 400 mg/kgBW showed recurring E. coli growth on day two, potentially attributable to contamination. This research provides promising preliminary evidence of the potential of Biwa fruit as an alternative herbal-based prebiotic therapy to overcome E. coli infection.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Intan Gabriella Lusiana, Yesiska Kristina Hartanti, Pangeran Andareas, Justina Andrea Renjaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Microgreen Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
This study aims to determine the effect of growing media on the growth, yield, and quality of mustard microgreens, as well as to determine the best growing media for cultivating mustard microgreens. The study was conducted from March to April 2024. This study was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Science Techno Park, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, UKSW Salatiga, Central Java, at an altitude of 1050 meters above sea level. This study was designed using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 treatments and repeated 5 times. The growing media treatments consisted of A1 = soil, A2 = sponge, A3 = rockwool, A4 = rice husk charcoal, and A5 = cocopeat. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, dry weight of plants, chlorophyll content, and vitamin C. The data from the study were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5% and further tested with the BNJ test at 5%. The results showed that rice husk charcoal and cocopeat media had a significant effect on plant height, while soil media had a significant effect on microgreen dry weight. The quality of microgreens based on chlorophyll and vitamin C content is not affected by the growing medium used. The conclusion of this study is that the use of rice husk charcoal and cocopeat as growing media for mustard microgreens cultivation can produce the best results and quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Theresa Dwi Kurnia, Isvan Fajar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas Model Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray dan Think Pair Share dalam Meningkatkan Kecakapan Sosial Siswa Materi Sistem Reproduksi
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Two Stay Two Stay (TSTS), Think Pair Share (TPS), and Conventional cooperative learning models in improving students' social skills in human reproduction. This study is quantitative in nature and quasi-experimental in design. The research design is a Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The population in this study was 156 students in grade IX MTsN 3 Padangawas, and the sample in this study was 78 people. Sampling was conducted using cluster random sampling, and the research sample consisted of 3 classes, namely TSTS, TPS, and Conventional classes. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire instrument. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis test. The results of the data analysis showed that the Asymp sig value was 0.000, indicating that there was a significant effect between the groups using the TSTS, TPS, and control (conventional learning) models on students' social skills. The mean rank of the TPS group was 51.06, followed by the TSTS group at 48.48, and the Conventional group at 18.96. This indicates that the TPS learning model has the most effective social skills value compared to the TSTS and Conventional groups.
Copyright (c) 2025 Farisah Ainina Harahap, Hasruddin, Ely Djulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi Lip Gloss Ekstrak Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Biji Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana L.) dan Cera Alba
This experimental study aims to determine the physical characteristics and stability of lip gloss from karamunting leaf extract with variations in the concentration of 0.5-2.5% kesumba keling seeds and 1-9% cera alba. Based on the organoleptic test, the preparation has an orange to reddish orange color, a semi-solid preparation form, a distinctive odor, and is homogeneous. The pH range value is 5.48-5.97, the spread area of ​​Formula I-III is 5.0-5.6 cm, the spread area of ​​Formula IV and V is 4.0-5.3 cm does not meet the spreadability requirements, the lip gloss has good spreadability, and the preference assessment is mostly preferred in Formula II. The stability test showed no changes in organoleptic and homogeneity and there were significant changes in pH and spreadability during the cycling test. There was an increase in pH and spreadability but still within the required range. The conclusion of this study, the lip gloss preparation from karamunting leaf extract Formula I-III produced met the requirements while Formula IV and V did not meet the spreadability requirements.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Andi Chandra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ekowisata Mangrove Lembar Selatan: Tinjauan Sosial Ekonomi dan Pemanfaatan Ekologis dalam Mendukung Sustainable Circular Economy dan Pembelajaran IPA Kontekstual
This study aims to analyze the ecological utilization of mangroves, examine the socio-economic aspects of the local community, and assess the relationship between these uses, conservation efforts, and the educational potential of the area. The urgency of the research lies in the need to integrate ecological utilization, socio-economic sustainability, and the application of a Sustainable Circular Economy, while simultaneously strengthening the role of mangrove ecotourism areas as sources of contextual science learning. The research employed a descriptive approach with data collected through structured in-depth interviews and questionnaires administered to 10 respondents. Data were analyzed using a mixed method, consisting of qualitative descriptive analysis for interview results and quantitative descriptive analysis for questionnaire data. The findings indicate that mangrove utilization is mainly limited to the collection of dead wood due to local regulations, while the exploitation of fauna (mollusks, crabs, and fish) is more dominant as a source of income. Community participation in conservation is relatively high, but knowledge regarding the medicinal benefits of mangroves remains low. These results highlight the need to strengthen sustainable, circular-economy-based utilization and to optimize the area as a source of contextual science learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdul Gani, Ahmad Aris Arifin, Ahmad Fauzi, Muhammad Yustiqvar, Agil Al Idrus, A. Wahab Jufri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Karakterisasi Senyawa Pestisida pada Nanopartikel Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) dan Uji Mortalitas Terhadap Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera Litura F.) di Laboratorium
This study aims to characterize the pesticide compounds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract nanoparticles and test their mortality effectiveness against armyworms (Spodoptera litura F.) in the laboratory. Nanoparticle synthesis was carried out using the ionic gelation method with chitosan-TPP, which was subsequently characterized using PSA, SEM, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The characterization results showed a particle size of 930.52 nm with a homogeneous distribution (PDI 0.147). GC-MS analysis successfully identified the main bioactive organosulfur compounds, namely diallyl disulfide (20.72%), diallyl trisulfide (14.16%), and diallyl tetrasulfide (5.79%). Bioactivity testing using the sandwich method at five concentration variations (0-1%) showed the highest mortality reaching 70% at a 1% concentration. Probit analysis yielded values of LC₅₀ 1.116% and LC₉₀ 1.720%, as well as LT₅₀ 5.117 days and LT₉₀ 9.893 days. Statistical test results indicated a significant difference (p<0.05) between all treatments and the control group. Thus, it can be concluded that the garlic extract nanoparticle formulation has the potential to be an effective nano-bioinsecticide, with a mode of action that is dose-dependent and time-dependent in controlling S. litura larvae.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wahyu Ramadhani Putra Josua, Wiwin Windriyanti, Ramadhani Mahendra Kusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Optimasi Kombinasi Ramuan Etnomedisin Penumbuh Rambut Nusa Tenggara Timur Menggunakan Orthogonal Stimulus Response Method Pada Kepadatan Rambut Mencit (Mus musculus)
This study aimed to optimize a traditional ethnomedicinal formulation from East Nusa Tenggara (RENTT) as a natural hair-growth candidate and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and biological effectiveness using an alopecia model. A true experimental design was applied using the Taguchi–Orthogonal Stimulus Response Method (OSRM) to determine the optimal combination of five plant extracts, namely Aleurites moluccanus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ficus benjamina, Polyscias scutellaria, and Hibiscus tiliaceus. In vitro optimization was conducted using the DPPH radical scavenging assay with a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array design. The optimal formulation was subsequently evaluated in vivo using male mice (Mus musculus) with croton oil–induced alopecia. Hair growth effectiveness was assessed based on hair density percentage through histomorphometric analysis with hematoxylin–eosin staining. The results demonstrated that the optimal RENTT formulation exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 27.46 ppm. Taguchi analysis identified F. benjamina as the most influential factor in determining formulation performance. In vivo evaluation showed that the RENTT-treated group achieved the highest hair density (49.45 ± 4.70), which was significantly higher than that of the positive control, negative control, and normal control groups. In conclusion, the optimized RENTT formulation demonstrates strong antioxidant properties and a significant stimulatory effect on hair growth, indicating its promising potential as a natural cosmeceutical product based on the local wisdom of East Nusa Tenggara.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maximus M. Taek, Dewi Sinta Megawati, Erlangga Sufi Subiyakto, Zahra Khoirunnisa, Novia Maulina, Faisal Akhmal Muslikh, Burhan Ma’arif https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ontologi Kesehatan Ekosistem: Hakikat Serangan Hama dan Keberadaan Pohon Sebagai Entitas Hidup di Hutan Kota Mataram
This study aims to examine the nature of pest attacks and the status of trees as living entities within the ecosystem of the Mataram Urban Forest through an ontological perspective. A qualitative–philosophical approach with a conceptual–exploratory design was employed, integrating systematic literature analysis and field observations across ten observation points. The findings reveal damage to leaves, stems, and fruits in several tree species—including mahogany, rain tree, and acacia—which indicates weakened ecological relations between trees and their surrounding environment. Pest occurrences were not merely biological disturbances but functioned as existential markers that signal systemic ecological disharmony resulting from environmental pressures such as high daytime temperatures, low humidity, and moderate vegetation structure. The ontological modeling identified five key interrelated entities—trees, pests, the environment, visitors, and comfort—that collectively shape ecosystem health through relational balance. This study concludes that ecosystem health is driven not by the mere absence of pests but by the quality of interactions among living entities and their ecological context. The ontological approach presented here offers a foundation for more holistic and sustainable urban forest management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Husnul Jannah, Arifuddin Sahidu, Muhammad Sarjan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas Monitoring EWS Terintegrasi Berbasis Elektronik Terhadap Deteksi Risiko Mortality di RS Bendan Kota Pekalongan
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an integrated electronic-based Early Warning Score (EWS), known as TeBar, compared with a paper-based EWS form in detecting mortality risk at Bendan Regional General Hospital, Pekalongan City. A quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design was employed. The sample consisted of 60 inpatient ward nurses selected using purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were staff nurses working in the Jlamprang and Truntum wards, while nurse managers and nurses on leave, permission, or ward transfer during the study period were excluded. The intervention involved monitoring patients using the electronic integrated EWS (TeBar) in the intervention group, whereas the control group used the conventional paper-based EWS form. Data were collected using web-based observation sheets. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann–Whitney U Test. The results showed that before implementing the electronic EWS, most mortality risk detections in the intervention group were inaccurate (80%); however, after implementation, all detections were accurate (100%). In the control group, mortality risk detection using the paper-based EWS remained largely inaccurate both before (66.7%) and after (60%) the intervention. The Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference in mortality risk detection before and after the use of the electronic EWS (TeBar) in the intervention group (p = 0.000), whereas no significant difference was found in the control group using the paper-based EWS (p = 0.346). Furthermore, the Mann–Whitney U test indicated a significant effect of electronic EWS (TeBar) monitoring on mortality risk detection compared to the paper-based EWS (p = 0.000). In conclusion, the electronic EWS (TeBar) is effective in detecting early mortality risk in inpatient wards at Bendan Regional General Hospital, Pekalongan. The use of electronic EWS improves the accuracy of clinical documentation, accelerates clinical decision-making, and enhances patient safety as part of efforts to improve the quality of nursing care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Himawati, Vivi Yosafianti Pohan, Tri Hartiti, Masrukhi, Yunie Armiyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potensi Biomassa Pohon dan Emisi Karbondioksida Untuk Menilai Keseimbangan Karbon di Lingkungan
This study aims to analyze carbon emissions from motor vehicles and the potential for carbon absorption by vegetation on four main roads in Bengkulu City: Padang Jati, Hibrida, Pagar Dewa, and Sukarami. The approach used is quantitative-descriptive, with data collected through traffic surveys and direct measurements of vegetation parameters during the observation period. Emissions are calculated using emission factors based on IPCC/KLHK standards according to vehicle type, while tree biomass is analyzed using allometric equations based on trunk diameter, track length, and vegetation type. Carbon analysis on four roads in Bengkulu City shows a significant imbalance between vehicle emissions and vegetation absorption. Sukarami recorded the highest emissions (751,813 kg CO₂) with a biomass of only 24,053 kg (absorption of 40,607 kg), making it a carbon source. Conversely, Padang Jati had the largest biomass (881,578 kg) compared to emissions of 431,889 kg CO₂, making it a carbon sink with absorption of 344%. Hibrida and Pagar Dewa showed intermediate conditions, with emissions of 424,145–570,063 kg CO₂ and absorption of 544,349–947 kg, indicating an unbalanced absorption capacity. These results emphasize the need to increase vegetation cover and manage green spaces as strategies for mitigating urban climate change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Endah Tri Wahyuningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Kesiapan Guru Dalam Pembelajaran IPA di SMP Negeri Bungku Timur
This study aims to analyze the level of teacher readiness in teaching science at Bungku Timur Public Junior High School. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. Research data were collected through observation of learning tools, observation of the learning process, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects involved science teachers from four public junior high schools in the Bungku Timur area. The results showed that (1) the readiness of learning tools, including the education calendar, annual program, semester program, teaching modules, and teaching materials, was in the Ready to Very Ready category, with an achievement percentage ranging from 81.25% to 100%; (2) it was found that two schools had fulfilled all the tools completely, while the other two schools still needed improvement in several components; (3) for the readiness of the learning process, the aspects of teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and skills showed excellent results; (4) Teachers have a strong understanding of science material, learning strategies, and student characteristics; (5) Teachers demonstrate high motivation to teach, a positive attitude towards innovation, and good work discipline. In terms of skills, teachers are considered quite skilled in developing learning tools, managing media, and implementing active learning, with a rating of “Ready”.
Copyright (c) 2025 Estin Nursanti Handayani, Mohammad Jamhari, Fatmah Dhafir, Lestari M.P. Alibasyah, Hayyatun Mawaddah, Musdalifah Nurdin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Kelimpahan Kepiting Scylla sp. di Kawasan Hutan Mangrove Desa Lalombi Kecamatan Banawa Selatan Kabupaten Donggala dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Media Pembelajaran
This study aims to determine the abundance of Scylla sp. crabs in the mangrove forest area of ​​Lalombi Village, South Banawa District, Donggala Regency. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The technique for determining the location for sampling is using the purposive sampling method. Sampling of Scylla sp. crabs was carried out directly by hand collection method at low tide. The population and samples in this study were all types of Scylla sp. crabs found in the research location. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the abundance index, to determine the level of abundance of the crab species found. The Scylla sp. crab samples obtained amounted to 4 species, namely Scylla tranquebarica with an abundance index of 46%, Scylla paramamosain with an abundance index of 36%, Scylla olivacea with an abundance index of 43%, and Scylla serrata crabs are the most abundant crab species with an abundance index of 49%. The abundance index value of Scylla sp. crabs obtained in the mangrove forest area of ​​Lalombi Village, South Banawa District, Donggala Regency shows a moderate level of abundance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khaerunnisa, Bustamin, Abd. Rauf, Achmad Ramadhan, Moh. Sabran, Manap Trianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Biologi Pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 7 Palu
This study aims to describe the effect of the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on the science learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 7 Palu. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of this study consisted of all eighth-grade students in six classes, with a total of 166 students. The sample of this study consisted of classes VIII A and VIII B, with a total of 54 students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, whereby both classes were selected as sample classes because they were relatively homogeneous in terms of student grades, numbers, and characteristics. The data collection technique was a test. The instrument in this study was a learning outcome test used for pretest and posttest. Instrument testing included validity and reliability tests, while assumption testing included normality and homogeneity tests. Hypothesis testing used an independent samples t-test and learning outcome improvement was tested using an N-Gain test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the TPS cooperative learning model on biology learning outcomes in grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 7 Palu. The average posttest score for the experimental class was 76, while that for the control class was 39. The N-Gain test results showed a higher increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class with a score of 0.72, which is in the high category. In conclusion, the TPS cooperative learning model has a significant effect on biology learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Indhira Mardiana, Mursito S. Bialangi, Gamar B.N Shamdas, Bustamin, Raya Agni, Mohamad Jamhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Serangga Tanah di Hutan Desa Serdang
This study aims to assess the diversity index, relative abundance, and evenness of soil insects in the Hutan Desa Serdang, Tahura Area, Karo District, North Sumatra. The methods used include pitfall traps and bait traps with a purposive sampling approach at three observation stations: primary forest, secondary forest, and pine forest. The results show that a total of 1,427 insect individuals were found, comprising 8 orders, 13 families, and 20 species. Odontomachus brunneus exhibited high relative abundance, followed by Entomobrya handschini and Solenopsis invicta, which fall into the category of moderate relative abundance. The diversity index of soil insects is categorized as moderate, with an value of H' = 2.0, indicating a balanced ecosystem with a sufficient variety of species. Meanwhile, the evenness index of soil insects is classified as high, with a value of H'= 0.7. This indicates a uniform distribution of species without particular dominance, thus supporting ecological balance and good soil ecosystem quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Perlin B. Manalu, Melfa Aisyah Hutasuhut, Syukriah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Sorgum Genotip Watar Hammu Witing Walla dan Wattar Hammu ManipaTadda
This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of insect communities associated with sorghum plants of the genotypes Watar Hammu Witting Walla and Watar Hammu Manippa Tadda. Sampling was carried out using a Z-shaped transect method on both genotypes. Each genotype was represented by five replications, with every replication consisting of five plots, resulting in a total of 25 plots per genotype or 50 plots in total. Within each plot, six Yellow Sticky Traps were placed at representative points following the Z transect pattern to ensure systematic and comprehensive sampling. The traps were installed in the morning at approximately 07:00 a.m. and left in the field until 05:00 p.m. on the same day. After collection, insects adhered to the traps were gathered and stored in clear plastic bags for subsequent identification in the laboratory. The results of the analysis showed that the diversity index of the WH Witting Walla genotype was 1.54, while that of the WH Manippa Tadda genotype was slightly higher at 1.62. The dominance index values were 0.29 and 0.28, respectively, both of which are categorized as moderate. Across both genotypes, 13 insect genera were identified, including Musca, Bactrocera, Phaenicia sericata, Condylostylus longicornis, Bemisia, Bathrogia, Nezara, Camponotus, Abispa, Coleomegilla, Coccinella, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera, and Oxya. Among these, Musca sp. (housefly) and Bemisia sp. (whitefly) were the most dominant species, followed by Spodoptera sp. and Oxya sp. These findings suggest that insect communities on both sorghum genotypes exhibit moderate diversity and balanced dominance, indicating a relatively stable ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Glorius Paskan Danu, Ruth Maike Jayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Uji Mutu Perkecambahan Benih Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) Beberapa Genotipe
This study aims to evaluate and compare the germination quality of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) from several genotypes in order to identify the genotype with the best germination power and vigor. The research was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Business, Satya Wacana Christian University using a Group Random Design (RAK) with three replicates. Data that did not meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and followed by the Dunn–Bonferroni test at the level of 5%. The observation parameters were grouped into germination power parameters (germination power and growth sufficiency), vigor parameters (growth speed and wet and dry weight of sprouts), and early germination growth parameters (shoot and root length and number of leaves and roots). The results showed that the genotype had a real effect on the physiological quality of wheat seeds, where the Guri 2 genotype showed the best performance with high germination power and vigor and better root growth compared to other genotypes, while the Nias genotype also showed strong vigor and good germination quality, while the Guri 4 genotype had the lowest physiological quality of seeds with low germination power and vigor. These findings confirm the importance of the role of genetic variation in determining the physiological quality of wheat seeds, so that the Guri 2 and Nias genotypes have the potential to be used as superior genetic sources in wheat breeding programs as well as as the basis for the development and production of quality seeds to support the improvement of wheat adaptation and productivity in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alexandre Meziwasokhi Hondro, Dina Rotua Valentina Banjarnahor, Theresa Dwi Kurnia, Yuniel Melvanolo Zendrato https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Microclimate Modification through Water Misting Increase Natural Enemy Insect Richness in a Cocoa Agroecosystem
This study aimed to analyze the influence of abiotic factors on the diversity of natural enemies in cocoa fields. The study was conducted from January to March 2025. Various traps were used, including yellow traps, light traps, pitfall traps, and visual observations. Identification showed that cocoa fields with misting applications had a higher number of natural enemies (1,052 individuals) compared without misting fields (658 individuals). The application of misting resulted in higher diversity indices (H'), richness (R'), and dominance (C'), as well as lower evenness (E') compared to untreated fields. These findings suggest that the misting system creates a more favorable microhabitat for natural enemy diversity, thus potentially strengthening the IPM approach in cocoa cultivation. Interestingly, the analysis showed that temperature had a significance value (sig) > 0.05, indicating that temperature did not show a significant correlation with the increase in the abundance of natural enemies, while humidity has a significance value (sig) < 0.05, which shows that humidity has a significant correlation, although statistically relatively small, with the increase in the abundance of natural enemies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Damayanti, Wiwin Windriyanti, Ramadhani Mahendra Kusuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Laju Pertumbuhan, Biomassa, dan Produksi Fikosianin Arthrospira platensis Perairan Pulau Jawa Pada Variasi Salinitas
This study aims to identify and determine the optimal salinity that can produce specific growth rates, maximum dry biomass production, and the highest phycocyanin content and productivity in local strains of A. platensis in the waters of Java Island. This study was conducted using three strains of Arthrospira platensis originating from Jepara, Bogor, and Yogyakarta with salinity variations of 10, 20, and 30 ppt and three replicates using walne fertilizer culture media. The cultures were cultivated for eight days to calculate the growth rate and measure the biomass and phycocyanin concentration. The results of this study showed that the biomass of A. platensis in all strains was maximum at 30 ppt. The specific growth rate of A. platensis strains JPR and BGR was fastest at 30 ppt, and phycocyanin production was highest at 20 ppt. Meanwhile, the MRP strain showed a fast growth rate at 10 ppt and the highest phycocyanin production at 30 ppt. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that each strain has a different strategy in responding to salinity in terms of growth rate, biomass, and phycocyanin production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mutia Dinda Lestari, Sajidan, Artini Pangastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrasi Metode Fitoremidiasi dan Filtrasi pada reaktor Portabel untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Gelondongan Mengandung Merkuri di Sekitar Danau Lebo, Sumbawa Barat
This study aims to design and test the effectiveness of a portable reactor based on filtration and phytoremediation in reducing mercury levels in gold processing wastewater. The study was conducted experimentally using a portable reactor with a water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) phytoremediation unit and a filtration unit made of biofoam, zeolite rock, and activated carbon. Testing was carried out on contact time variations of 0–120 minutes and repeated use up to 15 times, with mercury level analysis using AAS. The results showed that the reactor was able to reduce mercury levels from 0.7095 mg/L to 0.0040–0.0039 mg/L at a contact time of 90–120 minutes with an efficiency of up to 99.45%, thus meeting the applicable quality standards. The minimum contact time for the reactor to work optimally was 90 minutes. In repeated use, the highest effectiveness occurs in the initial stage, then decreases due to saturation of the filtration media. This portable reactor is effective and has the potential to be applied directly at PETI sites as a practical alternative technology for mercury waste treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Rahman, Puryadi, Andi Maria Ulfa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi Kelas X di SMK Manbaul Hikmah
This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in Biology for Grade X students of SMK Manbaul Hikmah through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observation sheets of teacher and student activities as well as learning outcome tests administered at the end of each cycle. The results indicate that the application of the PBL model significantly improved students' learning outcomes. In Cycle I, classical learning mastery reached 85%, while in Cycle II it increased to 92%. The 7% improvement in classical mastery demonstrates that the PBL model is effective in encouraging students to think critically, collaborate, and solve problems related to contextual learning materials. In addition, students' activity and engagement during the learning process showed continuous improvement in each cycle. Therefore, the Problem Based Learning model can be considered an effective alternative for improving Biology learning outcomes of Grade X students at SMK Manbaul Hikmah.
Copyright (c) 2026 Istikomah, Lestari M.P Alibasyah, Amalia Buntu, Raya Agni, Abd. Rauf, Mohammad Jamhari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi Blush on Stick Ekstrak Daun Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Biji Kesumba Keling (Bixa orellana L.) dan Carnauba Wax
This study aims to determine the physical characteristics, stability, and level of liking of blush stick preparations based on karamunting leaf extract with variations of kesumba keling seeds with a concentration of 0.5-2.5% and variations of carnauba wax with a concentration of 10-18%. This research is experimental with five different formulas. Evaluation was done through organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, polishability, spreadability, cracking and hedonic test. Physical stability was tested using the cycling test method. Based on the results of the organoleptic characteristics test, the preparation has a stick shape, color from bright yellow to reddish orange, soft to moderately firm texture, and a distinctive aroma. The preparation is homogeneous, has a pH of 6.64-6.89, good polishability, spreadability of 3-3.5 cm, and does not crack. Based on the hedonic test, formula V was the most preferred in terms of color, aroma and texture. In the pre-cycling test and post-cycling test, there was no significant difference. The conclusion of this study, all blush on stick formulas were stable during 12 days of storage and formula V was chosen as the most optimal formula.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Andi Chandra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identifikasi Upaya Guru Dalam Membangkitkan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Biologi di Kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri Sekecamatan Dondo
This study aims to identify teachers' efforts in arousing students' interest in biology learning in public high schools in Dondo District. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with research instruments in the form of observation sheets, questionnaires, and interview guidelines. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while the questionnaires were processed descriptively to identify trends in each indicator of teacher efforts. The results showed that teachers had made various efforts to arouse students' interest in learning, with the highest achievement in the indicator of creating a pleasant atmosphere, followed by giving praise and varied learning methods, and efforts to relate the material to everyday life. Meanwhile, the indicator with the lowest achievement was providing feedback that had not been given specifically to each student. This finding was reinforced by the results of interviews that showed that teachers tried to create interesting learning through a variety of methods, concrete examples, and positive interactions during learning. This study concludes that teachers' efforts to arouse students' interest in learning biology have been effective, but the provision of feedback and strengthening of more equitable learning collaboration needs to be improved.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia, Gamar Binti Non Shamdas, Amalia Buntu, Mohammad Jamhari, Bustamin, Vita Indri Febriani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potency Nannochloropsis sp. As An Agent Bioremediation of Lead Heavy Metal (Pb) In Rivers Jenes
The study aims to test the bioremediation potential of Nannochloropsis sp. against Pb (lead) contamination in the batik textile industrial area. The steps in this study include collecting river water samples from 3 different stations, preparing the samples by adding HNO3, culturing Nannochloropsis sp. seed for 7 days, testing the initial Pb metal content before and after treatment with Nannochloropsis sp. using wet-digestion techniques, and analyzing the samples. The water samples were taken from upstream, midstream, and downstream. The water samples were then preserved with HNO3. After that, Nannochloropsis sp. cultures were conducted, and results showed an increase in algal population after 7 days. Subsequently, metal content testing was conducted using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) with a wet-digestion technique to eliminate organic substances in the samples from each station. Metal content testing was conducted before and after treatment with algae. The results of this study showed a decrease in Pb metal levels at each station in the Jenes River after treatment with algae and 7 days of culture. The average decrease obtained was 14.0 before treatment and 5.0 after treatment. Nannochloropsis sp. is an important bioremediation agent for degrading Pb (lead) contamination in river water resulting from excessive industrial waste. These findings contribute to the development of waste treatment to preserve the river ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riannisa’a Shafira, Dhiya’ Choirunnisa , Endah Pratiwi, Alanindra Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Menggunakan Alat Peraga Pada Materi Sistem Pernapasan Manusia di Kelas XI SMAN 1 Bunobogu
This study aims to describe students’ perceptions of the implementation of the Project -Based Learning (PjBL) model combined with the use of teaching aids in learning the human respiratory system in Grade XI at SMAN 1 Bunobogu. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of three students purposively selected based on different levels of ability. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, supporting questionnaires using a Likert scale, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation, while data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate positive perceptions across all three aspects. The cognitive aspect showed a supporting questionnaire score of 3.56 (good category), and the teaching aids effectively transformed abstract concepts into more concrete representations. The affective aspect, with a score of 3.58, reflected increased learning interest and motivation. The psychomotor aspect, with a score of 3.53, contributed to the development of practical skills, creativity, and teamwork.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indri A. Artinya, Bustamin, Abd. Rauf, Mursito S. Bialangi, Syech Zainal, Moh. Sabran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengembangan Booklet Keanekaragaman Jenis Amphibia Geosite Silahisabungan sebagai Sumber Belajar Keanekaragaman Hayati
This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a booklet on amphibian species diversity in the Silahisabungan Geosite as a teaching material for biodiversity topics. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The feasibility of the booklet was evaluated based on expert validation, teacher responses, and student responses, while its effectiveness was assessed through improvements in students’ learning outcomes. Data were collected through interviews, needs analysis questionnaires, booklet validation questionnaires, teacher and student response questionnaires, and cognitive learning achievement tests. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the booklet validation results were categorized as good to very good, with scores of 79.4 from the content expert, 96 from the instructional design expert, and 94 from the graphic design expert; (2) teacher responses were very positive with a score of 96.8, while student responses in individual, small-group, and large-group trials obtained scores of 97.2, 96.2, and 93.75, respectively; (3) the effectiveness test conducted on 27 students showed an N-Gain value of 0.74, classified as high; and (4) the t-test revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (t = 6.213; p < 0.05). Therefore, the developed booklet is effective in improving students’ cognitive knowledge and is feasible for use as a supplementary teaching material in biodiversity learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berri Situmorang, Binari Manurung, Melva Silitonga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Lipolitik Indigenous untuk Bioremediasi Tanah Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
This study aims to isolate, identify, and test the potential of native lipolytic bacteria from LCPKS contaminated soil, as well as to determine the effect of supplementation of oil palm leaf midrib extract on its degradation activity. The research method uses an experimental design with isolation techniques and morphological characterization of bacteria, followed by a lipolytic test on Nutrient Agar Fat (NAL) medium and a bioremediation test using oil palm leaf midrib extract at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%. The results showed that there were nine types of colonies with three dominant bacteria, namely Candida spp. (95 colonies), Streptomyces sp. (11 colonies), and Aspergillus spp. (4 colonies). The three bacteria were shown to be lipolytically active, as evidenced by the formation of a clear zone in the NAL medium. Supplementation with oil palm frond extract significantly increased colony growth, with the highest yield at a concentration of 1% (>360 colonies/15 mL). ANOVA analysis showed differences in degradation effectiveness between colonies, with Aspergillus spp. exhibiting higher activity than other colonies. These findings confirm that the use of indigenous lipolytic bacteria in combination with oil palm frond extract can be a sustainable bioremediation strategy to reduce oil and fat content in LCPKS.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Nor, Noor Hujjatusnaini, Ridha Nirmalasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan Kekerabatan Ikan Kerapu Sunu (Plectropomus spp.) di Desa Liang Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship of coral trout groupers (Plectropomus spp.) in the waters of Liang Village, Banggai Kepulauan Regency, based on morphological characters. The research employed a descriptive exploratory method with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Samples were collected using purposive sampling, obtaining 15 individuals representing five species: Plectropomus leopardus, Plectropomus oligacanthus, Plectropomus maculatus, Plectropomus areolatus, and Plectropomus leavis. Morphological observations included 25 morphometric characters, 11 meristic characters, and 4 qualitative characters. Data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the main morphological characters contributing to variation among species, followed by cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) to assess phylogenetic relationships. The results indicated that the physicochemical conditions of the waters in Liang Village were suitable to support coral trout grouper populations. PCA results showed that the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 73.31% of the total morphological variation, with interorbital length, dorsal fin base length, and body depth contributing most significantly to species differentiation. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that Plectropomus leopardus exhibited the closest phylogenetic relationship with Plectropomus areolatus and Plectropomus oligacanthus, while Plectropomus maculatus showed the greatest morphological divergence and formed a separate cluster. These findings demonstrate that morphological characters are effective in revealing phylogenetic relationships among Plectropomus species in the studied waters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Ayu Mustikawati, I Made Budiarsa, I Nengah Kundera, Achmad Ramadhan, Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti, Abdul Ashari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Hambatan Guru dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pemahaman Konsep Biologi Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Panai Hulu (Studi Kasus: Optimalisasi Penggunaan Alat Peraga)
This study aims to analyze the influence of teacher barriers and the optimization of teaching aids on students’ conceptual understanding of biology at SMA Negeri 1 Panai Hulu. This quantitative research employed a survey method using questionnaires administered to 140 students. The research instruments were validated and found to be reliable, with Cronbach’s Alpha values ranging from 0.845 to 0.900. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression after meeting all classical assumption tests. The results indicate that teacher barriers have a significant effect on conceptual understanding (p = 0.017), while the optimization of teaching aids shows a stronger and highly significant effect (p = 0.000) with the highest beta value (β = 0.499). Simultaneously, both variables significantly influence students’ conceptual understanding, as reflected by an F-value of 14.866 and an R² value of 0.178, indicating that teacher barriers and teaching aids optimization explain 17.8% of the variance in students’ conceptual understanding. These findings emphasize the importance of improving teacher competence and optimizing the use of teaching aids as key strategies to enhance biology conceptual understanding in secondary education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Ardana, Rosmidah Hasibuan, Risma Delima Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0